In the early 1980s, a distinctive woven plastic bag, characterized by its red, white, and blue checkered pattern, became an unwitting symbol of a significant migratory event in West Africa. Commonly referred to as the 'Ghana Must Go' bag, its name is deeply rooted in a poignant chapter of African history.

The Genesis of the Name

In 1983, Nigeria faced economic challenges and rising unemployment, leading the government to expel approximately two million undocumented West African migrants, half of whom were Ghanaians.

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This mass expulsion was decreed by then-President Shehu Shagari, who ordered all illegal immigrants to leave the country or face arrest. The directive led to a hurried exodus, with many Ghanaians using the sturdy, spacious, and affordable checkered bags to transport their belongings.

The bags became so synonymous with this movement that they were dubbed 'Ghana Must Go' bags—a term that has endured in the collective memory of both Nigerians and Ghanaians.

A Deeper Historical Context

The relationship between Ghana and Nigeria has been marked by periods of both camaraderie and tension. Prior to the 1983 expulsion, Ghana had experienced its own economic downturns, prompting many Ghanaians to seek better opportunities in Nigeria, which was then experiencing an oil boom.

However, as Nigeria's economy faced challenges, sentiments shifted, culminating in the mass deportation. The 'Ghana Must Go' episode remains a significant event in West African history, symbolizing the complexities of migration, economic fluctuation, and regional politics.

The Bag's Evolution and Cultural Impact

Over time, the 'Ghana Must Go' bag has transcended its initial association with displacement. Today, it is recognized not only as a practical item but also as a cultural icon.

Artists and designers have reimagined the bag in various contexts, using it to explore themes of migration, identity, and resilience. For instance, Nigerian photographer Obinna Obioma utilized the bag in his work to reflect on migration, turning it into high fashion and art pieces.

Contemporary Reflections

The 'Ghana Must Go' bag serves as a reminder of the challenges and resilience inherent in migratory experiences. While its name originates from a period of hardship, the bag's enduring presence in markets and its adoption in art and fashion underscore its complex legacy.

It stands as a testament to the adaptability and enduring spirit of those who have faced displacement and adversity.

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